Federica Defended her thesis!

PhD defense of F. Rochira, June 6, 2024On June 6, 2024, Federic Rochira defended her thesis! She presented her work for 30 minutes, followed by 60 minutes of oral examination, in front of an international committee composed of Tine Thomas as first examiner, Sebastian Rost (University of Leeds) as second examiner, and Alexander Kappes (University of Münster) as third examiner.

In her work, Federica investigated the presence of seismic structures in the Earth’s mantle and their effect on seismic wave paths, using a combination of seismic signals that are thought to travel along the predicted great circle path, between the source and the receiver, as well as signals traveling off the great circle path direction. To better constrain depth and location of mantle reflectors, she took into account directivity parameters of seismic signals, not yet widely used, as well as their traveltime.

Results show the advantages and necessity of using directivity information of seismic signals to detect regional-scale structures in the mantle associated with both subducted slabs and upwelling plumes, as well as mantle discontinuities. Ignoring the directional information, estimated location and depth of reflectors might be inaccurate and contribute to a misleading interpretation of mantle structures in terms of Earth’s dynamics and mineralogy.

She is now a Doctor of the University of Münster. Congratulations!

Seismic anisotropy of pyrolite in the Earth’s lower mantle

Depth Dependent Deformation and Anisotropy of Pyrolite in the Earth's Lower MantleYet another publication from the TIMEleSS team! Former TIMEleSS PhD student Jeff Gay has a new paper entitled Depth Dependent Deformation and Anisotropy of Pyrolite in the Earth’s Lower Mantle in the latest issue of Geophysical Research Letters.

Seismologists rely on observable data to construct models that describe the dynamic state of the Earth’s lower mantle. These models, however, require constraints such as mantle composition and material behavior at high pressures and temperatures, which can be provided through experimental mineral physics.

In this study, we use a high pressure devices and X-rays to impose deformation and image the state of our sample with increasing pressure and temperature. We are able to extract information of individual mineral grains within our assemblage, such as the number of grains per phase and their orientations.

Using this experimental data, we identify three regimes of grain orientations in bridgmanite in the lower mantle, corresponding to

  1. transformation from lower pressure phases,
  2. deformation below ~50 GPa,
  3. deformation above ~50 GPa.

With this information, we are able to make predictions about how seismic waves travel and behave based on the deformation state of the lower mantle.

PhD Thesis Defence for Jeffrey Gay

PhD Thesis Defense, Jeffrey Gay, Nov 2022A new PhD defense for the TIMEleSS project!

On Nov 24th, 2022, Jeffrey Gay defended his thesis entitled Microstructures and anisotropy of pyrolite in the Earth’s lower mantle: insights from high pressure/temperature deformation and phase transformation experiments at the Université de Lille.

The PhD committee was composed of

  • Motohiko Murakami, ETH Zürich, Rapporteur
  • Denis Andrault, Univ. Clermont Auvergne, Rapporteur
  • Ana Ferreira, Univ. College London, Examinateur
  • Angelika Rosa, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Examinateur
  • Huges Leroux, Univ. Lille, Examinateur and President
  • Sébastien Merkel, Univ. Lille, PhD Advisor

Jeff presented his work for 45 minutes, followed by an hour of discussion with the committee. After deliberation, the committee decided to award the Doctoral Degree to Jeffrey Gay.

Congratulations Jeff!

PhD Thesis Defence for Estelle Ledoux

PhD Defence Estelle Ledoux, Oct 20, 2021A new PhD defense for the TIMEleSS project!

On Oct 20th, 2021, Estelle Ledoux defended her thesis entitled Microstructures de transformation et déformation dans le manteau terrestre : application au périclase et à la wadsleyite at the Université de Lille.

The PhD committee was composed of

  • Jannick Ingrin, Univ. Lille, President
  • Sylvie Demouchy, Univ. Montpellier II, Rapporteur
  • Daniele Antonangeli, Sorbonne Univ., Rapporteur
  • Jonathan Amodeo, Univ. Lyon 1, Examinateur
  • Isabelle Daniel, Univ. Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Examinateur
  • Sébastien Merkel, Univ. Lille, PhD Advisor
  • Damien Jacob, Univ. Lille, PhD Advisor

Estelle presented her work for 45 minutes, followed by an hour of discussion with the committee. After deliberation, the committee decided to award the Doctoral Degree to Estelle Ledoux.

Congratulations Estelle!

John Keith Magali joins the TIMEleSS project!

John Keith MagaliJohn Keith Magali is a post-doc for the TIMEleSS project at the Université de Lille since September 2021.

After undergraduate studies in the Philippines he joined the International Center for Theoretical Physics in Trieste for a post-graduate diploma, followed by a PhD at the Université de Lyon. He is interested in inversion techniques of seismic data and how seismic data can be used as a constrain for geodynamics.

In TIMEleSS, John Keith will be in charge of studying the effect of mineral microstructures on elastic wave propagation and upscaling mineral physics knowledge to the scale of seismic observations.

Welcome!

Ernst-von-Rebeur-Paschwitz-Preis for Tine Thomas

Ernst-von-Rebeur-Paschwitz-Preis for Tine ThomasTIMEleSS PI Tine Thomas received the Ernst-von-Rebeur-Paschwitz-Preis from the Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft in 2020 for her sustained excellence in science. The medal was awarded in 2020 with a virtual celebration ceremony in 2021.

Ernst von Rebeur-Paschwitz was an astronomer, geodesist and geophysicist, famous for his work on horizontal pendulums to record long-distance earthquakes. He also proposed to create an international network of seismological stations and this idea led to the founding of the International Seismological Association.

Since 2004, the DGG honors outstanding scientific achievements in the field of geophysics with the Ernst von Rebeur Paschwitz Prize. The target group are researchers from Germany or abroad who are in the middle or advanced stages of their careers, with an award every 2 to 4 years.

 

Frederica Rochira presents her work at EGU

Frederica Rochira at EGU 2019 in Vienna

Frederica Rochira was at the EGU General Assembly 2019 in Vienna. EGU brings together geoscientists to one meeting covering all disciplines of the Earth, planetary and space sciences. The meeting is held yearly in Vienna, Austria, and, in 2019, it was attended by 16,273 scientists from 113 countries.

Frederica Rochira presented her works entitled Detecting structures in the mid mantle using out-of-plane signals in the multidisciplinary session Dynamics of the mantle in the Earth and planetary bodies: from magma oceans to the present day.

The session, co-organized by TIMEleSS members, included four oral presentations on Thursday as well as 12 PICO presentations early afternoon on Friday. The session was an opportunity for scientists of various fields of geosciences (seismology, geodynamics, mineral physics) to present the results of her works and discuss their implications for understanding the dynamics of mantles, on Earth and other planetary bodies.

Jeffrey Gay joins the TIMEleSS project

Jeffrey GayJeffrey Gay is a PhD student in the Earth and Planetary Materials group at the Université de Lille since October 2018.

He received a Bachelor degree in Geology from the Montana State University and a Master degree in Geophysics from the University of Utah in the United States. He is interested in deep Earth materials interactions, extreme conditions experiments, and the deformation properties of minerals. In his free time, he can be found snowboarding, climbing, and cycling. In the past, Jeffrey taught mineralogy and structural geology as a teaching at the University of Utah.

His PhD project is funded by the TIMEleSS project. His role within TIMEleSS will concern phase transitions in mantle minerals.

Estelle Ledoux joins the TIMEleSS project

Estelle LedouxEstelle Ledoux is a PhD student in the Earth and Planetary Materials group at the Université de Lille since May 2018.

She received a Bachelor degree in Geology from the Université de Caen and a Master degree in Earth, Environment and Planetary sciences at the Université de Orléans. She is interested in minerals, their microstructures, and how they can be induced by deformation. After working on the deformation of natural plutonic rocks under the Cyclades islands, she is now looking into the Earth’s interior.

Her PhD project is funded by the Université de Lille and TIMEleSS. He role within TIMEleSS will concern phase transitions in mantle minerals.

Federica Rochira joins the TIMEleSS project

Federica RochiraFederica Rochira is a PhD student in the seismology group at WWU Münster since March 2018.

She received a Bachelor degree in Geology and a Master degree in Geophysics at the University of Bari in Italy. She is fascinated by the structure and composition of the Earth. After working on the Earth’s crust, she is now looking deeper into the mantle using a multidisciplinary approach that combines seismology, the most powerful tool “to see” the interior of the Earth, with mineral physics, the key to interpret seismic data.

Her PhD project within TIMEleSS focuses on investigation of seismic signals from structures and discontinuities in the mid-mantle using array seismology method.

Matthias Krug joins the TIMEleSS project

Matthias Krug is a PhD student in the mineralogy group at WWU Münster since April 2018.

After finishing his Bachelor’s in Geosciences he continued with a Master’s in Geomaterials, both in Göttingen. He is interested in the composition of the earth’s interior and how different minerals and their phase transitions determine the behavior of the whole system.

His contribution to the project will be to investigate microstructures and textures induced by phase transition in basaltic crust using high-pressure synchrotron experiments.